Suggestopedia - 1214 Words

Suggestopedia Background It is also known as desuggestopedia. It was developed by the Bulgarian psychiatrist-educator Georgi Lozanov. It is a specific set of learner recommendations. Among the subliminal influences the fears of the learners that they will be unable to perform and are limited in terms of their ability to learn is the main issue Suggestopedia deals with. It is believed that due to those fears and some other possible negative effects such as the physical effects of the learning environment, learners’ minds cannot process and retain information at the maximum efficiency. This also leads to a lack of confidence and creativity. Thus it is significant to send all kinds of negative effects off the students’†¦show more content†¦They read the text before going to bed Neurolinguistic John Grindler and Richard Bandler created a set of training techniques and a philosophy in the mid1970s called Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP). They were really interested in the way people influence each other and in how a behavior could be duplicated. They thought of this method as a system of techniques therapists could use in building rapport with clients, gathering information about their internal and external views of the world, and helping them achieve goals and bring about personal change. (Richards and Rodgers, 125) This technique has also been used in other fields but education such as: sports training, marketing, management, etc. Approach Theory of language and learning This theory has no relation with linguistics itself, it refers to a theory of communication. It tries to explain verbal and nonverbal information. Learning effective behaviors is seen as an issue of learning. It is supposed to move from controlled stages to automatic processes. Thi s approach worries about how people see the world through the five senses and how people picture it in their mind. Language is used not only in speech but also in thoughts. The programmingShow MoreRelatedPros and Cons of De-Suggestopedia2099 Words   |  8 PagesCONTENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 4 SUGGESTOPEDIA - KEY ELEMENTS 5 THE FOUR STEPS OF DE-SUGGESTOPEDIA 5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 PARA-CONSCIOUS 8 EXTEND 9 RELAXATION 9 MUSIC 10 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 11 COMMENTS 12 PROS 12 CONS 14 CONCLUSION 16 â€Æ' Work Load Introduction Literature Review Conclusion Reference INTRODUCTION Desuggestopedia – definition and method Regarding its terminology â€Å"desuggestopedia† stands for a special approach and a process of specificRead MoreMethodological Approaches Test4679 Words   |  19 Pages| The Natural Approach | The essence of any language is its meaning. The heart of a language is its vocabulary, rather than its grammar. | | Design in order to offer beginner and intermediate students the basic communicative skills | | Suggestopedia | Quite conventional, though the memorization of meaningful whole texts is highly recommended. | | Offer the chance of a quick conversational competence. The student must handle lists of vocabulary in pairs, though the aim is comprehension andRead MoreGrammar translation method827 Words   |  4 Pagespractices.  Desuggestopedia The suggestive-desuggestive process allows students to go beyond previously held beliefs and self-limiting concepts concerning the learning process and learn great quantities of material with ease and enjoyment. .  SUGGESTOPEDIA is the study of these suggestive factors in a learning situation. There are two basic kinds of suggestion: direct and indirect. Direct suggestions are directed to conscious processes. * an anti-suggestive emotional barrier which rejects anythingRead MoreThe Myth Of The Brain2782 Words   |  12 PagesLozanov is a medical doctor that is proficient in psychiatry and psychotherapy, created a method to examine super memory and learning. His method was called â€Å"Suggestopedia. Lozanov stated that suggestopedia is a non- manipulative and non-hypnotic teaching method or â€Å"humanistic approach† that is used to develop unused areas of the brain. â€Å"Suggestopedia (in its new de-suggestive development as well) is a science for developing different non-manipulative and non-hypnotic methods for teaching/learning ofRead MoreTeacher Difficulties in Teaching Esl in Malaysia2140 Words   |  9 Pagesteaching English such as, Suggestopedia, Community Language Learning, Natural Approach, Total Physical Reponses and Communicative method. In rural areas, teacher have limited or no access to resources that can provide materials or teaching aids to be used in order for them to use these methods. Currently, Ministry of Education had increases the duration of classes in one week from 200 minutes to 280 minutes per week. For example, if a teacher want to use the method Suggestopedia, she or he can use theirRead MoreLet Majorship English4572 Words   |  19 Pages sociolinguistic D. discourse 68. A functional communicative need refers to the desire to ____________. A. Belong to the language group C. convey a message B. Express a feeling D. be understood 69. Which do learners do in a suggestopedia learning activity? A. Learners are in a relaxed and retaining position. B. Learners write. C. Learners share their feelings in small group D. Learners are engaged in reading, the main activity. 70. The three important dimensionsRead MoreTeaching Vocabulary8385 Words   |  34 Pagesgive both their advantages and disadvantages. Later on we will add some more methods devised in 1970s, when research on foreign language learning and teaching grew to a discipline in its own. Among them are: Community Language Learning (CLL), Suggestopedia, The Silent Way (SW), Total Physical Response (TPR) and The Natural Approach. The aim of Chapter Two which is entitled â€Å"Teaching Vocabulary† we will go deeper into the vocabulary teaching process, analyzing all the efficient methods usedRead MoreMusic On The Cognitive Processing Of The Brain2627 Words   |  11 Pagesaccelerated learning by utilizing various psychological methods such as the following: playing soft music, using positive suggestion, administering biofeedback, and encouraging relaxation techniques to improve the cognitive process; otherwise known as â€Å"suggestopedia† (Jones, 2010). â€Å"Music is a rich surface that chunks words and phrases, identifies line lengths, identifies stress patterns, and adds emphasis as well as focuses listeners on surface characteristics.† (Wallace, 1994) Information can only beRead MoreTeaching English Through Poetry to Adolescents3302 Words   |  14 Pageslearner’s own life, and can thus counterbalance the more fragmented effect of many collections of texts used in the classroom† It is also worth mentioning other methods of the humanistic approach like Suggestopedia, Total Physical Response, Community Language Learning. All of them stress the need to learn how to use language communicatively thus leaving a little room for employing drills connected with poetry. The trend of making poetry and literatureRead MoreSLA Lg teaching methods approaches7312 Words   |  30 Pagescognitive emphasis on rules and grammatical paradigms proved as off-putting as behaviourist rote drilling. Alternative or ‘Designer’ methods The 1970s saw the emergence of some alternative, less-commonly used methods and approaches, such as Suggestopedia; The Silent Way; Total Physical Response. An overview table of these ‘Designer’ methods is provided by Nunan (1989: 194-195) and Brown (2001: chapter 2). Decoo (200l  §4.2) makes the important point that new methods such as these may succeed

Who is a Good Mother - 812 Words

A mother is most commonly defined as a woman who has raised a child or given birth to a child, but what makes one a good mother? Some people believe that a good mother never has a dirty home, always has a four course meal at dinner time, and never gets frustrated or angry. Some mothers can juggle it all, a clean house every day, delicious dinners every evening, and maybe even never having a meltdown. With working or single mothers those tasks can be challenging, and just because a mother can accomplish such everyday tasks does not necessarily make her a good mother. How a mother deals with the everyday stresses of motherhood, how she provides unconditional love, and how she supports her child, is what qualifies one to be a good mother. Being a good mother is a choice a woman makes every day to put her child’s happiness and well-being above her own. She gives her all for her children, she provides unconditional love, support, and does her very best to lead by example. Loving your children unconditionally means, that a mother accepts her children completely and without conditions no matter what her agenda for the child may be. It means, she loves and accepts her child â€Å"as is†. She does not make her child ever feel like her love is conditional. She makes sure her child knows that they do not have to be anything other than what they are to be loved. She encourages her children to be to best that they can be. She loves her children unconditionally meaning, even if her child makesShow MoreRelatedBeloved Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesbad and good side of a person shows the aspect on human natures identity. A mother is defined as, â€Å" a women who raises and nurtures a child†, but what really is a good or bad mother. A mother is supposed to be there every step of the way with her child. She would not want her precious baby to get hurt otherwise, and would want her baby to be like herself. A bad mother can be ridiculed as a lazy mot her who doesnt want to do anything with her child. Mostly the opposite from a good mother. Toni MorrisonRead MoreThe Dissimilarity Between Working Mother And Stay Home Mother1487 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Dissimilarity between Working Mother and stay home Mother† During the early years of the 1900’s most women were not allowed to work, they also did not have any rights to vote. All the women during these times could only stay inside the house and take care of the familial duties and chores. Women were primarily cooking meals, cleaning inside the house, and also taking care of their own child. On the other hand, most of the men were kings in the household who were in charge as they are the mainRead MoreGirl By Jamaica Kincaid : What A Good Mother Is953 Words   |  4 Pages When you shoulder your obligations it shows that you are a mature minded person, and responsible. In the short story Girl by Jamaica Kincaid shows what a good mother is. The Lottery by Shirley Jackson shows what a bad mother in Tessie Hutchinson putting her kids in the line of fire first. In my experience growing up with a single mother, I had to have a little more responsibilities in the house, which shows that I am mature. In both the stories and my personal experience all have responsibilitiesRead MoreGood For Her, Not Me, By Amy Poehler1570 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Good for her, not me. That is the motto women should constantly repeat over and over again. Good for her, not me,† (Poehler 32). This line from Amy Poehler’s new memoir, Yes Please, is reminding women to take a step back from the so called â€Å"Mommy Wars† and remember that not everything is a competition-- one style of parenting may be good for â€Å"her†, but not for â€Å"me†. The idea that women need to be reminded of this is a little ridiculous, but then again the concept of mother-versus-mother warfareRead MoreThe Portrait Of Marie Antoinette863 Words   |  4 PagesFrance. It’s a portrait of a French queen who is Marie Antoinette along with her children as a good mother to her children, but there is no sign of the father in the portrait. The portrait is a loving mother of four children, but only three are shown in the p ortrait because of the children deceased. Also I see the portrait of a single mother who is a loving mother who love her children daily and have a space of emptiness because of the loss of her child who processed into his death at 11 months oldRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Serious Problem1690 Words   |  7 Pagesfail due to excessive absences related to health issues. Once the child is born some teenage mothers do not have time to complete homework assignments because they are too tired after seeing to their child’s needs. Teenage pregnancy is an important social issue because becoming a mother at such a young age, the risk of social and economic disadvantage tends to be greater. The majority of teenage mothers come from very low income families and in the communities in which they live in they are surroundedRead MoreJust One More Push, Words New Mothers Can Remember Vividly.1174 Words   |  5 PagesJust one more push, words new mothers can remember vividly. That final push and they finally meet their new baby. This is when mothers get the first look from their new home invader, the realization that this tiny human is theirs. Now, the new pressures of the world begin to come in right away. Lactation consultants come in pushing breastfeeding upon the new mom, explaining how it is so much better. The judgements overflow as the new mom decides to formula feed. Day one of motherhood and alreadyRead More`` Two Kinds By Amy Tan1460 Words   |  6 Pageswith the narrator and her mother, for control over t he narrator’s life. Her mother wanted her to become a prodigy, but she wanted to be anything other than that. So, throughout the short story â€Å"Two Kinds† she’s determined to not quit the fight. â€Å"Two Kinds† is filled with different forms of conflict which allows for the narrator to realize that her mother’s crazy antics were to help her find what she was good at. Which leads to the narrator facing twoness until her mother is no longer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TwonessRead MoreComparative Analysis Of Cinderell Not So Morally Superior, By Elisabeth Panttaja1530 Words   |  7 Pagestales Cinderella loses her mother and often her father too. This has a tremendous effect on the young girl’s self-worth. However, other complex relationships are also revealed, including the mother/daughter relationship. Similarly, the text â€Å"Cinderella: Not So Morally Superior,† by Elisabeth Panttaja, discusses the influences of Cinderella’s mother. These sources are worth exploring because they demonstrate how a woman’s self-worth is shaped by her relationship with her mother. The opening song forRead MoreA Gift for My Mother627 Words   |  3 PagesA Gift for My Mother â€Å"A Gift for My Mother† is written by Viv McDade in 2011. It is about a family, which consists of the parents and their daughter, Lucy, who live in South Africa. The family has to work hard to earn money to survive. Lucy tries to help them by selling flowers to people. Lucy is the first-person narrator. The year the story takes place; the narrator turned ten years old. We read the short story from her viewpoint, for example on page 8, on the first line: â€Å"In the year I turned

Phantom of the Opera Essay Example For Students

Phantom of the Opera Essay From Phantom of the Opera to Having Our Say, theater is becoming more and more important. It has often been used as a past time and to experience culture but now it has been used to aid in expression and build communication skill. In recent findings Theater Arts programs in schools to some are becoming unimportant and unnecessary. These programs are being debated throughout the United States. Some say that they should be taken out of school while others think they are essential. This project will explore the controversy about implementing theater arts in schools and its benefits to students. It will also evaluate different theater arts programs and explain which are more productive for students. I hope to determine which program is the most proficient or one of the most proficient and present why. For my methods of research I will use four main sources, print sources, internet sources, case studies, and interviews. The print sources will include books, educational journals and articles that pertain to controversy. The internet sites will include theater arts program sites as well as educational sites where I will evaluate the programs. The case studies will include how children react to theater arts classes and what skills they acquire during class. And the interview will be conducted with a local theater arts teacher and survey her students. This will allow me to evaluate which program is most effective.

Turn Taking in Conversations

Introduction Turn-taking entails the doing of something by participants to a particular activity one after the other. The art of turn-taking is indispensable for an orderly life in the society in general. This is no different when it comes to the art of conversing. Turn-taking mechanism is not restricted to conversation only but extends to other aspects of life like games, taking leadership position, serving meals at a table among others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Turn Taking in Conversations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the existence of other speech exchange systems like debates, meetings and interviews among others, this paper sets out to analyze turn-taking in conversation because it is the foundation of all speech exchange systems (Forman McCormick, 1995). Conversation as a means of communication is a two-way traffic that requires that turns be taken for information to be passed between the sender and the recipient. If every participant decided to make speech simultaneously, it would result in total confusion and there would be no communication between the participants. It is an important aspect of conversation since it forces all participants to listen and know when it is their turn to talk (Applebee, 1996). This enriches the conversation since everyone gets to understand what everyone else is saying. Therefore, when a speaker takes his turn in a conversation, it is expected that he will continue in the vein of the previous speaker for the conversation to flow (Sacks, 1992). This show respects to the views of the previous speaker and also indicates comprehension abilities. If a speaker diverts from the topic of discussion prematurely, it will be a sign of disrespect to the views of the previous speaker. This could also be interpreted to mean lack of the ability to understand what others are saying. The rules guiding conversation are usually established by the parties themselves. They are mostly influenced by the kind of relationship existing between the participants (Tannen, 1994). A conversation between adults will not be the same as that between an adult and a child. The social status of the participants in the two cases will necessitate different conversation techniques (Wells, 1999). This paper will review the role of turn-taking in conversation with regard to the communication between the couples in the case study. Literature Review Turn-taking is necessary in conversation because of the scarcity of time and the need of parties who are conversing to understand each other. It is a scarce commodity that people struggle to acquire just like a good in the market that does not meet the demands (Yule, 1996). It is an important tool in maintaining social relationships between parties conversing.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conver sation cannot be adequately analyzed outside the social context since it is just a tool used in interactions (Schegloff, 2002). Turn-taking takes place within the context of the conversation. For instance, it would be absurd for a participant to answer a greeting with a question. In the same vein, when a question is asked, the norm in conversation is that the next speaker should give an answer or seek for further clarifications on the question. The immediate environment of the conversers also needs to be taken into account since this affects the nature of the conversation. For instance, the way students will converse in a classroom environment is not the same way they will talk in the football pitch (Silverman, 2001). In some cultures, when one is speaking in a group with people of different age and social status, she/he is expected to be alive to the fact that the older ones speak first before the younger ones. This has the effect of pre-determining the turn-taking process in the c onversation. The distinguishing characteristics of a conversation that make use of turn-taking include the following: One participant speaks for a time as the rest listens. The other participants listen for a cue to take the turn to make contributions in the conversation. The turns between the participants are distributed to ensure that all participants participate in the conversation. The distribution is not necessarily equal, but each participant has his/her turn. Turn-taking techniques are used both by the previous and next speaker for a smooth flow in the conversation. The participants make use of repair mechanism to ensure that problems in the conversation are minimized. If there is an awkward pause or silence in the conversation, both the previous and next speaker moves to cure this conversational defect Situations where multiple participants simultaneously takes a turn are drastically reduced (Schegloff, 2002). Generally, however, unlike other speech-exchange systems like d ebates, interviews meetings and others, turn-taking in conversation is spontaneous and not predetermined (Drew, 1992).. There is also no specification on how the conversation will flow among the parties. One party can dominate the conversation without interfering with the sequential organization of the conversation. He/she only needs to get cues from the other party that they are attentive for the conversation to proceed (Bales, 1950). Secondly, it is also possible for one to converse alone. However, this type of conversation will lack a very important element of conversation since there will be no turn-taking. This will be a kind of a monologue. Sequential Organization Turn-taking in conversation does not stop new entrants into the conversation. This means that the cycle can be broken to allow entry and exit while the conversation continues. This is clearly illustrated at line 91 when Bob breaks to answer the phone but resumes at line 125 with the same vein of the conversation.Adve rtising We will write a custom essay sample on Turn Taking in Conversations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More ((telephone rings)) en so on;= en so on ¿ 91 ((answers phone)†¦.. 125 Bob: an: y’kno:w,= that w’z gra:nd;= she sorda†¦. A lapse or pause may occur but may not necessarily discontinue the conversation. The conversation does not need to be lineal, moving from one definite speaker to another. A new participant may get into an already continuing conversation without interfering with the general drift of the conversation. All he/she needs to do is time the turn appropriately. The caller who speaks to Bob from line 92 illustrates this. The problems associated with conversations include abrupt change of topics by a participant before the rest of the parties are ready to move to the next topic. This of essence also means that other participants might have problems in maintaining the same topic of discussi on for a long period of time. This may be caused by one party not being able to bring in new dimensions in the issue under discussion. He/she keeps on repeating what the rest of the parties have said. In addition, they may also have difficulties in sustaining the conversation in the same vein and keep on jumping from one topic to another. The couples in the case study, Bob and Anne are able to communicate very well with each other despite the fact that Bob seems to dominate the conversation. Techniques in allocating Turns There are several methods of transitions in conversations. One may be allowed the turn to speak expressly by the previous speaker. For instance if there is a group conversation, the person who has the turn may ask a direct question to a particular person and this will give him/her the power to take the turn in the conversation (Palincsar, 1986). In the case study, this is seen in line 232 when Ann asks a question to automatically signal Bob that he needs to take th e turn. This he does in line 233.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 232 Ann: W’ whï‚ ­y: did ee hafta do: that. 233 Bob:  ¿ 234 (0.3) Turn taking may also involve silence. When the participant on the floor becomes silent, then that is a signal that the floor is open to the next speaker. In some cultures when an older person is scolding a younger person, it is expected that the younger person would not respond out of respect to the older person (Ten, 1998). It is a way of showing remorse. The older person my just continue in a monologue, but this will not make it less a conversation. The other technique involves mentioning the name of the person expected to take the turn by the person allocating the turn. There is also the use of tag questions in turn allocations. Phrases like can you believe that? or don’t you agree? expects a response from the listening party. Tag questions can be used by the previous speaker to give up his turn by indicating to the other parties that he/she expects the turn to be taken by someone else (Liddicoat , 2007). There is also an unwritten rule that whoever starts first will have the first bite at the cherry, unless in a situation where there are angry exchanges between the parties and no one is willing to let go of the turn (Levinson, 1983). When more than one participant takes the turn at the same time, one may be forced to give up the turn to the other. The use of continuers like â€Å"uh†, â€Å"mm†, â€Å"ooh† and many others also act as signs that the participant expects the previous speaker to continue speaking. Ann makes use of these in the case study. 59 Bob: b’d is in based in Me:lbern. 60 Ann: Mm [hm, 61 Bob: [pt ·hh (.) en he:r ro:le;= is go:ing ta One of the factors determining turn taking in conversations is adjacency pairs. (Levinson, 1983). This refers to a conversation a technique that pre-determines the response of the next speaker. A good example is request-decline/approval, offer-acceptance, and question-answer situations among other s (Levinson, 1983). In this technique, one speaker picks the next speaker to take the turn by the kind of statements he/she make. In a question-answer scenario, whoever the question is directed to amongst the participants takes the turn. The concept of adjacency pairs is also vital in indicating whether the next speaker was listening for his/her turn or not (Duncan, 1972). When a participant is greeted and he/she responds by asking a question, it is an indication that the participant was not keen on taking the turn in that particular conversation. Turn-taking in the case study is hampered by the long pauses taken by the Bob. Anne does not also encourage the conversation since she has reduced herself to an active listener rather than a party to the conversation. There is also interference by the telephone call that Bob receives. However, being couples, they seem to pick very easily from where the conversation stopped. They understand each other very well and there are no serious inte rruptions between themselves. Transitions in Conversations The conversational coherence between parties is usually determined by how smooth the transitions are from one speaker to another (Shotter, 1995). This transition can only be smooth if every participant respects the turn-taking mechanism in the conversational process. Silence in conversations act as transition points since they signal the next speaker to take his/her turn (Deborah, 2001).Bob does this in line 233 and 235 when Annie fails to take the turn. Bob:  ¿ 234 (0.3) 235 Bob: I(h) ha(h)ve ï‚ ­no(h)t-ï‚ ­ godda clue:. 236 (0.7) This occurs mostly in cases where parties to the conversation self-select to take turns and there are no automatic allocations of turns during the conversation. At line 125, Bob takes the turn after having broken off to answer to the phone. Bob: an: y’kno:w,= that w’z gra:nd;= she sorda 126 said;= well he:y;= y’know that’s:: ï  §wï  §-what 127 we wanna kno:w  ¿= en (0.5) j’ sorda wennon 128 fr’m the:re ¿= en (0.5) ï‚ ­Ã‚ °jeezus ‘n bloody 129 drï‚ ­in:k;= could she drï‚ ­inkhh °Ã¯â€š ­. This is a way of indicating to her partner that the conversation between them has resumed. Silence is also effective in ordering conversation in that it allows the same speaker some breathing space before proceeding with the conversation (Deborah, 2001). It is also an opportunity for the next speaker to digest the direction which the conversation and decides whether to steer it in that direction or change course. Since participants to conversations tend to be generally uncomfortable with long pauses or lapses, it is expected that the transition from one turn to the other will not be long (Goldenberg, 1993). In the case study, Bob seems to get uncormfortable with Ann’s prolong silence when she is supposed to take the turn in line 236. The conversation goes as follows: W’ whï‚ ­y: did ee hafta do: that. 2 33 Bob:  ¿ 234 (0.3) 235 Bob: I(h) ha(h)ve ï‚ ­no(h)t-ï‚ ­ godda clue:. 236 (0.7) This force Bob himself in line 237 to allow Anne to take her turn. For their to be a smooth transition between one speaker to another, there is need of each party to listen to one another not only out of politeness, but also in order to maintain the conversational coherence. Repair Mechanisms The repair mechanisms available in a conversation are as varied as the mischief they intend to cure. For a free flow of speech in a conversation, there must not be lapses and pauses that cause discomfort among speakers (Schiffrin, 1994). When dealing with trouble, it is always the previous speaker or the turn following the one which the trouble occurred (Schegloff, 2002). In the case study, at line 145 Ann encourages Bob to continue speaking after Bobs monologue by uttering the sound â€Å"ooh†. 144 Bob: hou:r en a ha:lf ¿ or- nearly two hou:r[s: ¿ 145 Ann: [ï‚ ­Hooh. 146 Bob:  ·hh (thut-) on: topev the boddle a re:d, (0.4) This is a repair initiating effort, which ensures that Bob does not think that Ann is not listening. Other repair mechanism includes the giving up of a turn by one speaker should they find themselves taking a turn at the same time (Burbules, 1993). Implication for Language Teaching The art of conversation analysis is very important especially for language students since it gives students confidence. This is because they are able to analyze and understand the causes of lapses, pauses and other limitations of conversation and other speech exchange systems. Turn-taking also assists the student to understand the multifaceted nature of conversation and the intricacies involved in ensuring that it flows freely. The significance of turn-taking in the study of languages is mostly appreciated by non-native speakers of the English language. This is because when the subject is broken down and dissected in pieces as is done in conversational analysis, it gets demystified and therefore easy to understand. Conclusion This paper has reviewed the role of turn-taking in context of the recorded conversation between the couples in the case study. It has shown that turn-taking plays a key part in ensuring that conversation between participants flows freely. It also averts friction and confusion that would be the natural consequence it was not used in conversation. The paper has also endeavoured to highlight the repair mechanisms available to participants who take turns to make speech in conversation. The role of transition techniques in ensuring smooth turn-taking and flow of conversation has also been outlined. The techniques of allocating turns during conversations have also been discussed. Previous speaker allocation has been distinguished from a situation where individuals allocate themselves the turn to speak The paper has further established that turn-taking brings about sequential organization in a conversation. The sequence need not be l inear or one directional, as long as all the participants take their turns at the appropriate time. The significance of turn-taking to the teaching of language was also highlighted. It was observed that language students who take part in conversational analysis gain confidence and are able to improve not only their conversation but communication skills generally. References Applebee, A. (1996). Curriculum as conversation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Bales, R. (1950). Interaction Process Analysis. Cambridge, Mass: Addison Wesley. Burbules, N. (1993). Dialogue in teaching: Theory and practice. New York: College Press. Deborah, C. (2001). Working with spoken discourse. London: Thousand Oaks. Drew, P., Heritage, J. (1992). Talk at work: Interaction in institutional settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Duncan, S. (1972). Some Signals and rules for taking Speaking turns in conversations. Journal of personalities and Social Psychology, 23, 283-92. Forman, E. A., McC ormick, D. E. (1995). Discourse analysis: A socio-cultural perspective. Remedial and Special Education, 16, 150-158. Goldenberg, C. (1993). Instructional conversations: Promoting comprehension through discussion. The Reading Teacher, 46, 316-326. Levinson, S. C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Liddicoat, A. (2007). An introduction to conversation analysis. Portland: Continuum Publishing Group. Palincsar, A. S. (1986). The role of dialogue in providing scaffolded instruction. Educational Psychologist, 21, 73-98. Sacks, H. (Ed.) (1992). Lectures on Conversation. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Schegloff, E. A., Koshik, I., Jacoby, S., Olsher D. (2002). Conversation analysis and applied linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 22, 3-31. Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to discourse. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Shotter, J. (1995). In conversation: Joint action, shared intentionality, and the ethics of conversation. Theory and Psychology, 5, 49-73. Silve rman, D. (2001). Interpreting qualitative data: Methods for analyzing talk, text and interaction. London: Sage. Tannen, D. (1984). Conversational style: Analyzing talk among friends. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. Ten, P. (1998). Doing conversation analysis: A practical Stride. London: Sage Wells, G. (1999). Dialogic inquiry: Toward a socio-cultural practice and theory of education. New York: Cambridge University Press. Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. This essay on Turn Taking in Conversations was written and submitted by user Maxx Serrano to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.